Which cellular process directly produces a polypeptide from an mRNA template?

Which cellular process directly produces a polypeptide from an mRNA template?

• A. Translation
• B. Transcription
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Answer: (A)

Translation is the process that directly produces a polypeptide from an mRNA template. In translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNAs bring the corresponding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, and peptide bonds form between them to build the protein. This occurs in the ribosome with energy supplied during initiation, elongation, and termination, and it ends when a stop codon is encountered, releasing the completed polypeptide. Transcription, on the other hand, makes RNA from DNA; replication copies DNA; and mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.

Translation is the process that directly produces a polypeptide from an mRNA template. In translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNAs bring the corresponding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, and peptide bonds form between them to build the protein. This occurs in the ribosome with energy supplied during initiation, elongation, and termination, and it ends when a stop codon is encountered, releasing the completed polypeptide. Transcription, on the other hand, makes RNA from DNA; replication copies DNA; and mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.